Primary Sources

Archives and Other Collections

Algemeene Rijksarchief, The Hague (ARA)
VOC
Dutch East India Company, Overgekomen brieven en papieren
Bibliotheque Nationale de France, Paris (BNF)
SHM
Service de la Marine

Photo Catalog vol. 170

Photo Catalog vol. 187

Deeds Office, Cape Town (DO)
OSF
Old Stellenbosch Freeholds
Public Records Office, London (PRO)
CO
Colonial Office
MPH
Maps
MPI
Maps
MR
Maps
MPG
Maps
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Jan Brandes Collection

South African Archives, Cape Archives Depot (CA)
CJ
Council of Justice
G2
Doop Register (NGK baptismal records)
J
Opgaaf
Maps
Map collection
MOOC
Master of the Orphan Chamber
RLR
Receiver of Land Revenue, Oud Wildschutte Boeke
and the computerized database compiled by Leonard Guelke
1/STB
Stellenbosch Magisterial District records
University of Cape Town, Spatial Archaeology Research Unit (SARU)

Site reports, Cedarberg region.

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Published Primary Sources

Barnard, Lady Anne. The Cape Journals of Lady Anne Barnard 1797–1798, ed. A.M. Lewin Robinson with Margaret Lenta and Dorothy Driver. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society, 1994.

Barrow, J. An Account of Travels into the Interior of Southern Africa in the Year 1797 and 1798. London: T. Cadwell, Jr., and W. Davies, 1801.

Bird, William. State of the Cape of Good Hope in 1822. Facsimile reprint. Cape Town: Struik, 1966.

Kolb, Peter. The Present State of the Cape of Good Hope. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., 1968.

Mentzel, O.F. A Geographical and Topographical Description of the Cape of Good Hope (1787). Translated by G.V. Marais and J. Hoge, ed. H.J. Mandelbrote. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society, 1925.

Opgaven van de veldkornetschappen en derzelver grenzen, als aanbevolen door de onderscheiden Resident Magistraten, te worden bevat in hunne respective districten. Cape Town: S. Solomon & Co., "Gazette" Kantoor, 1850.

Sparrman, Anders. A Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope Towards the Antarctic Polar Circle Round the World and to the Country of the Hottentots and the Caffres from the Year 1772–1776. Translated by J. and I. Rudner, ed. V.S. Forbes. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society, 1975.

Thunberg, Carl Peter. Travels at the Cape of Good Hope 1772–1775. Edited by V.S. Forbes. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society, 1986.

Valentyn, François. Beschryvinge van de Kaap der Goede Hoop met de zaaken daar toe behoorende (1726). Ed. P. Serton, R. Raven-Hart, W.J. De Kock, and E.H. Raidt. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society, 1971.

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Maps Consulted

Algemeene Rijksarchief

De Tafelbaai met omgeving met afbeeldingen van Kaapstad, 't fort de Gode Hoopa, de Duivelsberg, de Tafelberg, de Leeuwekop en de Leeuwstaart of Leeuwebil. (4.AANW 1420)

Kaart van Afrika door den Heer d'Anville. 47 mm = 200 zeemijlen van de 20 graad. ca. 1:23.000.000. Amsterdam: Isaac Tirion, 1763. (4.AANW 1477)

Kaart van de zuidkust van Zuid Afrika. 1776. (4.AAANW 271)

Kaart van het zuideliykste gedeelt van Afrika of het land der Hottentotten. 72mm = 60 franse mijl, 45 Dutch miles. Amsterdam: Isaac Tirion, 3rd quarter, eighteenth century. (4.BMF 471)

Nieuwe Kaart van de Kaap der Goede Hoope en der naby gelegen Landen, volgens de Afmeeting van de Abt. de la Caille in 1752. 75 mm = 30.000 fr. toises of halve roeden. ca. 1:7.8000.000. Amsterdam: Isaac Tirion, 1763. (4/AAMW 1478; also 4.BMF 489)

Bibliotheque Nationale de France, Paris (BNF)

Afrika. 1772. (Port. 179. no. 63)

Afrique divisée en ses Empires, Royaumes et Républiques. 1805. (Port. 202 no. 50 a–d)

Afrique pour la Géographie Comparée, seconde partie. 1778. (Port 179 no. 64)

Carte Encyprotype de l'Afrique. 1814. (Port 202 no. 51 a–d)

Nieuwe en Naauw Keurige Kaart van Africa naar de beste en meeste beproevde hedendaagsche Kaarten ontwerpen, en volgens sterrekundige waarneemingen ingerient door Eman. Bowen verbeterd door W.A. Bachiene. 1782. (Port 179 no. 65)

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

R.J. Gordon Map of Southern Africa

Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden

Kaart van het zuidelykste gedelte van Afrika of het land der Hottentotten. in Dutch and French miles. Amsterdam: Isaak Tirion, eighteenth century. In "Verzameling Zuid Afrika." (Atlas 1503 504–02, map 1)

Kaart van Zuidelyk gedeelt van Afrika tot Verstand van de Twee Reizen van le Vaillant. In "Verzameling Zuid Afrika." (Atlas 1503 504–02, map 2)

Kart vom Süd End Afrika von dem Cap-Colonie lande nach Barrow, Lichtenstein, Campbell, Burchell, Latrobe, u.a. 1819. In "Verzameling Zuid Afrika." (Atlas 1503 504–02, map 3)

Nieuwe Kaart van Caap de Goede Hoop in have rechte jegenwoordinge staat vertoond door François Valentyn. Dutch miles. : J. van Braam et G. onder de Linden. In "Verzameling Zuid Afrika." (Atlas 1503 504–02, map 5)

Zuid Afrika, "Hottentotten Landen". In "Verzameling Zuid Afrika." (Atlas 1503 504–02, map 4)

Plan of te Afteekening van de Staad en 't Casteel aan Cabo de Goede Hoop mitg's de langste Strand leggende Batterijen en Redoleten neevens een groot gedeelt der Tafel Baaij, etc. etc. etc. (second half of 18th c.). (VI 12/31/38)

South African Surveyor General's Office (SASG)

1:250,000 Topographical Maps

3118 Calvinia 1989
3218 Clanwilliam 1997
3318 Cape Town 994
3319 Worcester  

1:50,000 Topographical Maps

3118 DD Bulshoek 1986
3118 CA Papendorp 1980
3119 CB Lutzville 1980
3118 DA Van Rhynsdorp 1989
3118 DB Uironskraal 1971
3119 CC Doringbos 1971
3218 CD Bergrivier 1982
3218 AB Hopfield 1980
3218 DC Klawer 1980
3218 BA Graafwater 1986
3218 BC Redelinghuis 1986
3218 DA Goergap 1986
3218 CA Citrusdal 1986
3218 DD Piketberg 1975
3218 DB Eendekuil 1986
3218 BD Oliewenboskraal 1986
3218 BB Clanwilliam 1986
3218 AB Lamberts Bay 1986
3218 AD Elandsbaai 1986
3218 CB & CA Aurora 1986
3218 DC Moravia 1975
3219 CC Keerom 1986
3219 AC Wupperthal 1986
3219 AA Pakhuis 1986
3219 CD De Meul 1986
3219 CB Groot Rivier 1986
3219 AD Grootberg 1986
3219 AB Uitspankraal 1986
Published maps

Guelke, Leonard. The Southwestern Cape Colony 1657–1750, Freehold Land Grants, Department of Geography Publication Series, Occasional Paper No.5, University of Waterloo, 1987.

Nieuwe Caarte van Kaap de Goede Hoop. Amsterdam: Balthazar Lakeman, 1727.

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Armstrong, James C. "The Estate of a Chinese Woman in the Mid-Eighteenth Century at the Cape of Good Hope." In Contingent Lives: Social Identity and Material Culture in the VOC World, edited by Nigel Worden, 75–90. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press, 2007.

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Beyers, Coenraad. Die Kaapse Patrotte gedurende die laaste kwart van die agtiende eeuw in die voortlewing van hul denkbeelde. Pretoria: J.L., 1967.

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Biesele, Megan. "Interpretation in Rock Art and Folklore." New Approaches to Southern African Rock Art, South African Archaeological Society, Goodwin Series 4 (1983): 54–60.

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Blussé, Leonard. Bitter Bonds: A Colonial Divorce Drama of the Seventeenth Century. Translated by D. Webb. Princeton: Markus Weiner, 2002.

———. Strange Company: Chinese Settlers, Mestizo Women and the Dutch in VOC Batavia. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1986.

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Boserup, Ester. The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change Under Population Pressure. New York: Aldine Publishing Company, 1965.

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———. Place Names in the Cape Province. Cape Town and Johannesburg: Juta, 1926.

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———. Dwelling in the Archive: Women Writing House, Home and History in Late Colonial India. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

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Comaroff, John and Jean. Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism and Consciousness in South Africa, vol.1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

———. Of Revelation and Revolution: The Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier, vol. 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

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———. "Peasants, Capitalists, and Historians: A Review Article." Journal of Southern African Studies 7:2 (April 1981): 284–314.

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———. The Making of the Colonial Order: White Supremacy and Black Resistance in the Eastern Cape, 1770–1865. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1992.

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Craton, Michael. A Jamaican Plantation: The History of Worthy Park, 1670–1970. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1970.

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Davis, Natalie Zemon. Fiction in the Archives: Pardon Tales and Their Tellers in Sixteenth-Century France. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987.

De Kock, Victor. Those in Bondage: An Account of the Life of the Slaves at the Cape in the Days of the Dutch East India Company. Cape Town: H.B. Timmins, 1950.

de Villiers, Christoffel Coetzee. Geslagsregisters van die ou Kaapse families (Genealogies of Old South African Families). Completely revised, augmented and rewritten by C. Pama. 1st ed. Cape Town and Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1966.

———. Geslagsregisters van die ou Kaapse families (Genealogies of Old South African Families). Completely revised, augmented and rewritten by C. Pama. 2nd ed. Cape Town and Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1981.

de Vries, Jan, and Ad van der Woude. The First Modern Economy: Success, Failure and Perseverance of the Dutch Economy, 1500–1815. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

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Dickason, Graham Brian. Irish Settlers to the Cape: History of the Clanwilliam 1820 Settlers from Cork Harbour. Cape Town: A.A. Balkema, 1973.

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———. "A Revisit with the Cape's Hottentot Ordinance of 1828." In Studies in Economics and Economic History: Essays in Honour of Professor H.M. Robertson, edited by M. Kooy, 26–56. London: Macmillam, 1972.

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———. The Old Houses of the Cape: A Survey of the Existing Buildings in the Traditional Style of Architecture of the Dutch Settled Regions of the Cape of Good Hope. A.A. Balkema: Cape Town, 1965.

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———. "The Eastern Frontier, 1770–1812." In The Shaping of South African Society, 1652–1840, edited by Richard Elphick and Hermann Giliomee, 421–71. 2nd ed. Johannesburg: Maskew Miller Longman, 1989.

———. "Processes in Development of the Southern African Frontier." In The Frontier in History: North American and South Africa Compared, edited by Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, 76–119. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.

———. Die Kaap tydens die eerste Britse bewind. Cape Town: Hollandsche Afrikaansch Uitgevers, 1975.

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———. Clues, Myths and the Historical Method. Translated by John and Anne Tedeshi. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.

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———. "An Early Colonial Landed Gentry: Land and Wealth in the Cape Colony 1682–1731." Journal of Historical Geography 9:3 (1983): 265–86.

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———. "The Making of Two Frontier Communities: Cape Colony in the Eighteenth Century." Historical Reflections/Reflexions Historiques 12:3 (1985): 419–48.

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———, comps. The Deeds Book: The Cape Cadastral Calendar. New Haven: Opgaaf Project, 1990.

———. "An Early Colonial Landed Gentry: Land and Wealth in the Cape Colony 1682–1731." Journal of Historical Geography 9:3 (1983): 265–86.

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———, ed. Mfecane Aftermath: Reconstructive Debates in Southern African History. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1995.

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———. Groepe sonder grense: Die rol en status van die gemengde bevolking aan de Kaap, 1652–1705. Bellville: Instituut vir Historiese Navorsing, 1985; translated by Delia Robertson as Cape Melting Pot: The Role and Status of the Mixed Population at the Cape, 1652–1795. Johannesburg: self-published, 2006.

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Unpublished Presentations and Papers

Austin, Gareth. "'Developmental' Divergences and Continuities Between Colonial and Pre-Colonial Regimes: The Case of Asante, Ghana, 1701–1957." Paper presented at the African Studies Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 11–14 November 2004.

Groenewald, Gerald. "From Tappers to Pachters: The Evolution of the Alcohol Pacht system at the Cape, c.1656–1680." Paper presented to the 'Company, Castle and Control' research group meeting, University of Cape Town, 8 September 2004.

———. "Parents, Children and Illegitimacy in Dutch Colonial Cape Town, c. 1652–1795." Unpublished paper, 2006.

Hughes-Warrington, Marnie. "Keynote Address," presented at the World History Association Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, 28 June–1 July 2007.

Mitchell, Laura J. "Sex, Religion, and Other Cultural Exigencies in the Early-Modern Atlantic." Paper presented at the Berkshire Conference on the History of Women, Scripps College, Claremont, CA, 2–5 June 2005.

Newton-King, Susan. "The Pre-Colonial and Colonial Khoikhoi: From Fragile Independence to Permanent Servitude. Part II: Servitude and Resistance." Paper presented to the Africa Seminar, Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town, 16 May 1984.

Parkington, John. "Western Cape Landscapes." Unpublished paper, 1999.

Ruiters, Michelle. "Re-Imagining and Re-Claiming Identity: Coloured Identities in a Post-Apartheid South Africa." Paper presented at the New England Workshop on Southern Africa, Burlington, VT, 22–25 April 2005,.

Saunders, Christopher. "Historians on South Africa's Pre-Colonial Past: Notes on Early Phases in the Long Search." Paper presented at the Workshop on Pre-Colonial History, University of Cape Town, July 1986.

Upham, Mansell. "In a Kind of Custody: For Eva's Sake, Who Speaks for Krotwa?" Unpublished paper, 1997.

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Unpublished Theses and Dissertations

Bugarin, Flordeliz T. "Trade and Interaction on the Eastern Cape Frontier: An Historical Archaeological Study of the Xhosa and the British during the Early 19th Century." PhD diss., University of Florida, 2002.

Campbell, Colin. "Art in Crisis: Contact Period Rock Art in the South-Eastern Mountains of Southern Africa." MSc thesis, Witwatersrand University, 1987.

Clift, Harriet E. "The Assimilation of the Khoikhoi into the Rural Labour Force of Paarl, Drakenstein District." BA Honours thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995.

Dooling, Wayne Leslie. "Agrarian Transformation in the Western Districts of the Cape Colony, 1838–c.1900." PhD diss., St. John's College, Cambridge, 1996.

———."Law and Community in a Slave Society: Stellenbosch District, c. 1760–1820." MA thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991.

Granger, Stephen. "Land Tenure and Environmental Conditions at Wupperthal." MSc thesis, University of Cape Town, 1982.

Guelke, Leonard. "Early European Settlement of South Africa." PhD diss., University of Toronto, 1974.

Host, Elizabeth Anne. "Capitalization and Proletarianization on a Western Cape Farm: Klaver Valley 1812–1898." MA thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992.

Legassick, Martin. "The Griqua, the Sotho-Tswana, and the Missionaries, 1780–1840: The Politics of a Frontier Zone." PhD diss., UCLA, 1970.

Malan, Antonia. "Households of the Cape, 1750 to 1850: Inventories and the Archaeological Record." PhD diss., University of Cape Town, 1993.

Malherbe, Vertrees Candy. "Diversification and Mobility of Khoikhoi Labor in the Eastern Cape Districts of the Cape Colony Prior to the Labor Law of 1 November 1809." MA thesis, University of Cape Town, 1978.

Mason, John. "Fit For Freedom: The Slaves, Slavery and Emancipation in the Cape Colony, South Africa, 1806–1842." PhD diss., Yale University, 1992.

Nell, Dawn D'Arcy. "Land, Land Ownership and Occupancy in the Cape Colony During the Nineteenth Century With Special Reference to the Clanwilliam District." BA Honours thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997.

O'Toole, Rachel Sarah. "Inventing Difference: Africans, Indians, and the Antecedents of 'Race' in Colonial Peru (1580s–1720s)." PhD diss., University of North Carolina, 2001.

Newton-King, Susan. "The Enemy Within: The Struggle for Ascendancy on the Cape Eastern Frontier, 1760–1799." PhD diss., University of London, 1992.

Parkington, John. "Follow the San." PhD diss., Cambridge University, 1977.

Penn, Nigel Garth. "The Northern Cape Frontier Zone, 1700–c.1815." PhD diss., University of Cape Town, 1995.

Raben, Remco. "Batavia and Columbo: The Ethnic and Spatial Order of Two Colonial Cities, 1699–1800." PhD diss., Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1996.

Rayner, Mary. "Wine and Slaves: The Failure of an Export Economy and the Ending of Slavery in the Cape Colony, South Africa, 1806–1834." PhD diss., Duke University, 1986.

Shaw, Susannah. "Building New Netherland: Gender and Family Ties in a Frontier Society (New York)." PhD diss., Cornell University, 2000.

Shell, Robert C.H. "Slavery at the Cape of Good Hope, 1680–1731," vols. I and II. PhD diss., Yale University, 1986.

van der Merwe, Hannalie. "The Social Context of Rock Art During the Contact Period in the North-Western Cape and Seacow River Valley." MA thesis, University of Stellenbosch, 1990.

Viljoen, Russel Stafford. "Khoisan Labor Relations in the Overberg Districts During the Later Half of the Eighteenth Century, c. 1755–1795." MA thesis, University of the Western Cape, 1993.

Worden, Nigel Anthony. "Rural Slavery in the Western Districts of Cape Colony During the Eighteenth Century." PhD diss., Cambridge University, 1982.

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