Table 7.3 Official Terms for the Yunnan Indigenes in the Qing Period
Yunnansheng Lishiyuanjiusuo, ed., "Qing Shilu" Youguan Yunnan Shiliao Huibian (Selected sources concerning Yunnan from Qing veritable records) vol. 3, Section of Minzu Affairs (Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe, 1984), 3075-3384; Cheng Xianmin, ed., Qing Shengxu Xi'nan Minzu Shiliao (Selected pieces of the Qing edicts on the southwestern ethnic peoples) (Chengdu: Sichuandaxue Chubanshe, 1988).
| General Terms | yi (barbarian) man (barbarian) Miao (Miao) Miaoman (Miao barbarians) |
| Native Chieftain | tuguan (native chieftain; native official) tusi (native chieftain) qiuzhang (chief, head) toumu (head; chief) touren (head, chief) yimu (barbarian head) |
| Indigenous Masses |
tuzhu (the native; the indigenes) yimin (barbarian people, barbarian subjects) yiren (barbarian people, barbarian subjects) Miaomin (Miao people, Miao subjects) tumin (native people, native subjects) tuyi (native barbarians) tuman (native barbarian) yizhong (barbarian mass) yihu (barbarian household) baixing (a hundred family names) chizi (innocent children [euphemistic]) bianmeng (common people/subjects [euphemistic]) lixian (common people/subjects [euphemistic]) |
| Indigenous Students | tusheng (indigenous student; native students) |
| Bad Indigenes |
feiyi (rebel barbarians)
yifei (barbarian rebels) yijian (barbarians traitors) diaoyi (cunning barbarians) |