Archival Materials

National Center on Poverty Law archives. Chicago, Illinois

Bruno v. Codd, Index No. 21946/76 (Sup. Ct. N.Y.). Clearinghouse No. 19,951.

Scott v. Hart, Index No. C-76-2395-WWS (N.D. Cal.). Clearinghouse No. 19,947.

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Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University

Aegis, the Magazine on Ending Violence Against Women.

Andrea Dworkin papers.

National Center on Women and Family Law records / National Battered Women's Law Project records.

National Organization for Women records.

National Organization for Women Legal Defense and Education Fund archives.

Yolanda Bako papers (including Papers of the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence).

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United States Library of Congress, Online

Buck, photographer. ["Suffragist Margaret Foley distributing the Woman's Journal and Suffrage News."] 1 photograph: print; 4.5 x 6.5 in. Nov.–Dec. 1913. From Library of Congress: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman's Party.
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mnwp:@field(DOCID+@lit(mnwp000378)) (accessed January 15, 2007).

Photographer unknown. ["Elizabeth Cady Stanton, seated, and Susan B. Anthony, standing, three-quarter length portrait."] 1 photographic print. Between 1880 and 1902. From Library of Congress: By Popular Demand: "Votes for Women" Suffrage Pictures, 1850–1920.
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/suffrg:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a02558)) (accessed January 15, 2007).

Photographer unknown. ["Florence F. Noyes as "Liberty" in suffrage pageant."] Photograph. March 1913. From Library of Congress: By Popular Demand: "Votes for Women" Suffrage Pictures, 1850–1920 [George Grantham Bain Collection].
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/suffrg:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3b17779)) (accessed January 15, 2007).

Photographer unknown. ["Head of suffrage parade, Washington, D.C."] Photograph. March 3, 1913. From Library of Congress: By Popular Demand: "Votes for Women" Suffrage Pictures, 1850–1920 [George Grantham Bain Collection].
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/suffrg:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a23348)) (accessed January 15, 2007).

Photographer unknown. ["Henry Browne Blackwell, photo mechanical print and 80th birthday poem by William Lloyd Garrison."] photographic print. After September 7, 1900. From Library of Congress: Miller NAWSA Suffrage Scrapbooks, 1897–1911; Scrapbook 8; page 58.
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/rbcmillerbib:@field(DOCID+@lit(rbcmiller003744)) (accessed January 15, 2007).

Photographer unknown. ["Lucy Stone, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing right."] 1 photographic print. Between 1840 and 1860. From Library of Congress: By Popular Demand: "Votes for Women" Suffrage Pictures, 1850–1920.
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/suffrg:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a52181)) (accessed January 15, 2007).

Photographer unknown. ["Official program—Woman suffrage procession, Washington, D.C. March 3, 1913 / Dale."] 1 photomechanical print: color. 1913. From Library of Congress: By Popular Demand: "Votes for Women" Suffrage Pictures, 1850–1920 [George Grantham Bain Collection].
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/suffrg:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a21392)) (accessed January 15, 2007).

Photographer unknown. ["The first picket line—College day in the picket line line."] 1 photographic print. February 1917. From Library of Congress: By Popular Demand: "Votes for Women" Suffrage Pictures, 1850–1920 [National Woman's Party Collection].
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/suffrg:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a32338)) (accessed January 15, 2007).

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United States Supreme Court Archives, Online

Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986)

Case materials:

Petition for a Writ of Certiorari (July 25, 1985).

Brief of Respondents in Opposition to Petition for Writ of Certiorari (September 12, 1985).

Joint Appendix (December 17, 1985), including:

  • Letter from District Attorney Lewis Slaton, (January 7, 1983).
  • Order of the District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (Civil Action No. C83-273A) (filed April 18, 1985).

Brief of Petitioner in Reply to Respondent's Brief in Opposition to Petition for Writ of Certiorari (October 8, 1985).

Brief of the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights, Amicus Curiae, in Support of Petitioner (December 13, 1985).

Brief of Petitioner Michael J. Bowers (December 17, 1985).

Brief of David Robinson, Jr., as Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitioner (December 18, 1985).

Brief of the Rutherford Institute et al., Amicus Curiae, in Support of Petitioner (December 19, 1985).

Brief of Concerned Women of America, Amicus Curiae, in Support of Petitioner (December 19, 1985).

Brief Amicus Curiae of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, in Support of Respondent Hardwick (January 27, 1986).

Brief Amicus Curiae of for Lesbian Rights Project et al, in Support of Respondent (January 29, 1986).

Brief for (and of) Respondent (January 31, 1986).

Brief of the American Jewish Congress, Amicus Curiae, in Support of Respondents (January 31, 1986).

Brief of National Gay Rights Advocates et al., in Support of Respondents (January 31, 1986).

Amicus Curiae Brief on Behalf of the Respondents by Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., et al. (January 31, 1986).

Brief of Amici Curiae the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), et al., (in Support of Respondents) (January 31, 1986).

Brief of the Attorney General of the State of New York, Joined by the Attorney General of the State of California, as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents (January 31, 1986).

Brief of the National Organization for Women as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents (January 31, 1986).

Brief of Amici Curiae American Psychological Association and American Public Health Association in Support of Respondents (January 31, 1986).

Reply Brief of Petitioner Michael J. Bowers, Attorney General of Georgia (March 21, 1986).

Oral Argument of Bowers v. Hardwick, Landmark Briefs and Arguments of the Supreme Court of the United States vol. 164. Washington: University Publications of America: 631–57.

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Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003)

Case materials:

Brief for Amici Curiae American Psychological Association, American Psychiatric Association, National Association of Social Workers, and Texas Chapter of the National Association of Social Workers in Support of Petitioners (January 10, 2003).

Brief Amici Curiae of the American Civil Liberties Union and the ACLU of Texas in Support of Petitioner (January 15, 2003).

Brief of Amici Curiae Consitutional Law Professors Bruce A. Ackerman, Jack M. Balkin, Derrick A. Bell, Jr., Paul Brest, et al. in Support of Petitioners (January 15 2003).

Brief of Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Amicus Brief of Human Rights Campaign; National Gay & Lesbian Task Force; Parents, Families & Friends of Lesbians & Gays; National Center for Lesbian Rights; Gay and Lesbian Advocates and Defenders; Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation; Pride at Work, et al. in Support of Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Brief of Amici Curiae Republican Unity Coalition and the Honorable Alan K. Simpson in Support of Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Brief of the Cato Institute as Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Brief of the National Lesbian and Gay Law Association, the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund, Action Wisconsin, the Bay Area   Lawyers for Individual Freedom, the Bay Area Transgender Lawyers' Association, et al. as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Brief of the Alliance of Baptists, the American Friends Service Committee, the Commission on Social Action of Reform Judaism, the Most Rev. Frank T. Griswold, III, Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, the Methodist Federation for Social Action, et al as Amici Curiae Supporting Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Brief of Professors of History George Chauncey, Nancy Cott, John D'Emilio, Estelle B. Freedman, Thomas C. Holt, et al. as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Brief of the Institute for Justice as Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Amici Curiae Brief of the Log Cabin Republicans and Liberty Education Forum in Support of the Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Brief of the American Bar Association as Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Brief of the American Public Health Association, National Mental Health Association, et al. in Support of Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Brief Amici Curiae of Mary Robinson, Amnesty International U.S.A., Human Rights Watch, Interights, the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, and Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights in Support of Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Brief of NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund as Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitioners (January 16, 2003).

Brief Amicus Curiae of United Families International in Support of Respondent (February 13, 2003).

Brief Amicus Curiae of the Center for the Original Intent of the Constitution in Support of Respondent (February 14, 2003).

Respondent's Brief (February 17, 2003).

Brief of Amici Curiae Texas Legislators, Representative Warren Chisum, et al., in Support of Respondent (February 18, 2003).

Brief in Support of Respondent on behalf of Amici Curiae Texas Physicians Resource Council, Christian Medical and Dental Associations and Catholica Medical Association (February 18, 2003).

Amicus Brief of the American Center for Law and Justice in Support of Respondent (February 18, 2003).

Brief of Amici Curiae Center for Arizona Policy and Pro-Family Network in Support of Respondent (February 18, 2003).

Brief Amicus Curiae of Public Advocate of the United States, Conservative Legal Defense and Education Fund, Lincoln Institute for Research and Education, Help and Caring Ministries, Inc., and Citizens United Foundation in Support of Respondent (February 18, 2003).

Brief of Amici Curiae, Pro-Family Law Center, Traditional Values Coalition, Traditional Values Education & Legal Institute and James Hartline, in Support of Respondent (February 18, 2003).

Brief of the States of Alabama, South Carolina, and Utah as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent (February 18, 2003).

Brief of Amicus Curiae Concerned Women for America, in Support of the State of Texas, Respondent (February 18, 2003).

Brief of Texas Eagle Forum, Daughters of Liberty Republican Women, Houston, Texas and Spirit of Freedom Republican Women's Club as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent (February 18, 2003).

Brief Amicus Curiae of the Family Research Council, Inc. and Focus on the Family in Support of the Respondent (February 18, 2003).

Brief Amici Curiae of the Center for Marriage Law in Support of Respondent (February 18, 2003).

Brief of the Center for Law and Justice International as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondent (February 18, 2003).

Brief of Amicus Curiae Agudath Israel of America in Support of Respondent (February 19, 2003).

Petitioner's Reply Brief (March 10, 2003).

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Castle Rock v. Gonzales, 125 S. Ct 2796 (2005)

Case materials:

Petitioner's Opening Brief (December 23, 2004).

Brief of Amici Curiae International Municipal Lawyers Association and National League of Cities, National Sheriffs' Association, and County Sheriffs of Colorado in Support of Petitioner (December 23, 2004).

Brief for the United States as Amicus Curiae Supporting Petitioner (December 23, 2004).

Brief of Amicus Curiae the Denver Police Protective Association, the Peace Officers Research Association of California Legal Defense fund, and the Colorado  Association of Chief's [sic] of Police in Support of Petitioner (December 23, 2004).

Brief of International Law Scholars and Women's, Civil Rights and Human Rights Organizations as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents (February 9, 2005).

Brief Amicus Curiae of AARP in Support of Respondent (February 10, 2005).

Brief of Amicus Curiae of the Family Violence Prevention Fund, National Center on Domestic and Sexual Violence, and others in Support of Respondent (February 10, 2005).

Brief of National Coalition Against Domestic Violence and National Center for Victims of Crime as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent (February 10, 2005).

Brief of Peggy Kerns, Former Member of the House of Representatives of the State of Colorado, and Texas Domestic Violence Direct Service Providers, as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent (February 10, 2005).

Brief Amicus Curiae of the American Civil Liberties Union and ACLU of Colorado, Hon. John J.Gibbons, Hon. Timothy K. Lewis, AALDEF, California Women's Law Center, National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum, National Partnership for Women and Families, Northwest Women's Law Center and Women's Law Project in Support of Respondent (February 10, 2005).

Brief Amicus Curiae of the National Association of Women Lawyers and the National Crime Victims Bar Association in Support of Respondent (February 10, 2005).

Brief of National Black Police Association, National Association of Black Law Enforcement Officers, Women in Federal Law Enforcement, National Center  for Women and Policing, and Americans for Effective Law Enforcement, Inc., as Amici Curiae Supporting Respondent (February 10, 2005).

Respondent's Brief on the Merits (February 10, 2005).

Petitioner's Reply Brief (March 15, 2005).

Oral Argument of Castle Rock v. Gonzales, Alderson Reporting Company, available at U.S. Supreme Court Online, (March 21, 2005). 
http://www.supremecourtus.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/04-278.pdf

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Interviews

George Brenning, November 3, 2002

Marjory Fields, January 22, 2002

Pauline Gee, May 24, 2002

Barbara Hart, May 1, 2002

Elizabeth Holtzman, December 21, 2001

Kathleen Sullivan, November 19, 2002

Barbara Underwood, December 20, 2001

Sarah Weddington, November 26, 2002

Kathleen Wilde, October 30, 2002

Joan Zorza, December 14, 2001

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Cases and Laws

Entick v. Carrington, 19 Howell's State Trials 1029 (1765)

Bradley v. State, 1 Miss. (1 Walker) 158 (1824)

Poor v. Poor, 8 N.H. 307 (1836)

State v. Buckley, 2 Del. 552 (1838)

People v. Mercein, 3 Hill (N.Y.) 399 (1842)

Richards v. Richards, 1 Grant (P.A.) 389 (1857)

Joyner v. Joyner, 59 N.C. 322 (1862)

State v. Black, 60 N.C. (Win.) 268 (1864)

Commonwealth v. Wood, 97 Mass. 225 (1867)

State v. Rhodes, 61 N.C. (Phil. Law) 453 (1868)

Commonwealth v. McAfee, 108 Mass. 458 (1871)

Fulgham v. State, 46 Ala. 143 (1871)

Knight v. Knight, 31 Iowa 451 (1871)

State v. Oliver, 70 N.C. 60 (1874)

Shackett v. Shackett, 49 Vt. 195 (1876)

Boyd v. U.S., 116 U.S. 616 (1886)

Harris v. State, 14 So. 266 (Miss. 1894)

Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923)

Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925)

Olmstead et al. v. U.S., 277 U.S. 438 (1928)

State of Connecticut v. Roger B. Nelson et al., 11 A.2d 856 (1940)

Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535 (1942)

Tileston v. Ullman, 318 U.S. 44 (1943)

Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158 (1944)

U.S. v. Provoo, 215 F.2d 531 (1954)

Benway v. Watertown, 1 A.D.2d 465 (1956)

U.S. v. Flores-Rodriguez, 237 F.2d 405 (1956)

U.S. v. Grunewald, 233 F.2d 556 (1956)

People v. Beasley, 328 P.2d 834 (1958)

Poe v. Ullman, 367 U.S. 497 (1961)

Silverman et al. v. U.S., 365 U.S. 505 (1961)

Morgan v. County of Yuba, 230 Cal.App.2d 938 (1964)

Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965)

Jones v. Herkimer, 51 Misc.2d 130 (1966)

Tehan v. U.S., 382 U.S. 406 (1966)

Boutilier v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 387 U.S. 118 (1967)

Huey v. Barloga, 277 F.Supp. 864 (1967)

Katz v. U.S., 389 U.S. 347 (1967)

People v. Spencer, 458 P.2d 43 (1969)

Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969)

Anonymous v. Anonymous, 67 Misc. 2d 982 (1971)

Baker v. Nelson, 191 N.W.2d 185 (1971)

Canosa v. City of Mt. Vernon, 327 N.Y.S.2d 843 (1971)

Reed v. Reed, 404 U.S. 71 (1971)

Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564 (1972)

Byrd v. Brishke, 466 F.2d. 6 (1972)

Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S. 438 (1972)

Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179 (1973)

Jones v. Hallahan, 501 S.W.2d 588 (1973)

Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton, 413 U.S. 49 (1973)

Perez v. State, 491 S.W.2d 672 (1973)

Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)

Murray v. Vandevander, 522 P.2d 302 (1974)

Doe v. Commonwealth's Attorney for Richmond, 403 F.Supp. 1199 (1975)

Fitzgerald v. Porter Memorial Hospital, 523 F.2d 716 (1975)

Ponter v. Ponter, 135 N.J. Super. 50 (1975)

State v. Schweppe, 237 N.W.2d 609 (1975)

Bellotti v. Baird, 428 U.S. 132 (1976)

People v. Washington, 58 Cal. App. 3d 620 (1976)

Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth, 428 U.S. 52 (1976)

Scott v. Hart, No. C-76-2395 (N.D. Cal., filed Oct. 28, 1976)

Zibbon v. Town of Cheektowaga, 387 N.Y.S.2d 428 (1976)

Beal v. Doe, 432 U.S. 438 (1977)

Carey v. Population Services International, 431 U.S. 678 (1977)

Maher v. Roe, 432 U.S. 464 (1977)

Monell v. Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658 (1978)

Bruno v. Codd, 419 N.Y.S.2d 901 (1979)
Bruno v. Codd Consent Judgment (1978) (reprinted in Woods 1978: 32–33)

Crawford v. State, 404 A.2d 244 (1979)

Thomas v. City of Los Angeles, CA No. 00572/79 (Cal. Sup. Ct., filed Aug. 16, 1979, settled Nov. 4, 1985)

White v. Rochford, 592 F.2d 381 (1979)

Harris v. McRae, 448 U.S. 297 (1980)

People v. Onofre, 51 N.Y. 2d 485 (1980)

Zagarow v. Zagarow, 105 Misc. 2d 1054 (1980)

In Interest of Jones, 429 A.2d 671 (1981)

Doe v. Belleville, No. 81-5256 (S.D. Ill., filed Sept. 15, 1981; settled Sept. 9, 1983)

Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036 (1982)

Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800 (1982)

City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Inc., et al., 462 U.S. 416 (1983)

Jackson v. City of Joliet, 715 F.2d 1200 (1983)

Nearing v. Weaver, 295 Ore. 702 (1983)

New York v. Uplinger, 464 U.S. 812 (1983)

Wiley v. Florida, 427 So.2d 283 (1983)

Wright v. Ozark, 715 F.2d 1513 (1983)

People of the State of New York v. Mario Liberta, 64 N.Y.2d 152 (1984)

People v. Woodhull, 481 N.Y.S.2d 749 (1984)

Thurman v. Torrington, 595 F.Supp. 1521 (1984)

Dudosh v. Allentown, 629 F. Supp. 849 (1985)

Lowers v. City of Streator, 627 F.Supp. 244 (1985)

Tennessee v. Herron, 1985 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 3087 (1985)

Sorichetti v. City of New York, 65 N.Y.2d 461 (1985)

Winston v. Lee, 470 U.S. 753 (1985)

Bartalone v. County of Berrien, 643 F. Supp. 574 (1986)

Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986)

Hardwick v. Bowers, 760 F.2d 1202 (1985) (Eleventh Circuit opinion)

Bowers v. Hardwick, 474 U.S. 943 (1985) (U.S. Supreme Court granting certiorari)

Hardwick v. Bowers, 804 F.2d 622 (1986) (Circuit Court opinion vacated and remanded subsequent to U.S. Supreme Court opinion)

Escamilla v. City of Santa Ana, 796 F.2d 266 (1986)

Williams v. State, 494 So.2d 819 (1986)

Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635 (1987)

Collins v. Kings County, 742 P.2d 185 (1987)

Sherrell v. City of Longview, 683 F. Supp. 1108 (1987)

Shunn v. State, 742 P.2d 775 (1987)

Tarantino v. Baker, 825 F.2d 772, 774 (1987)

Turner v. City of North Charleston, 675 F.Supp. 314 (1987)

Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Department, 855 F.2d 1421 (1988); amended as Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Department, 901 F.2d 696 (1990)

Bowen v. Kendrick, 487 U.S. 589 (1988)

Hynson v. City of Chester, 864 F.2d 1026 (1988)

Turner v. Dammon, 848 F.2d 440, 443 (1988)

Watson v. Kansas City, 857 F.2d. 690 (1988)

Allegheny v. ACLU, 492 U.S. 573 (1989)

DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, 489 U.S. 189 (1989)

McKee v. City of Rockwall, 877 F.2d. 409 (1989)

Stanford v. Kentucky, 492 U.S. 361 (1989)

State of North Carolina v. Norman, 378 S.E. 2D 8 (1989)

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 492 U.S. 490 (1989)

Brown v. City of Elba, 754 F.Supp. 1551 (1990)

Coffman v. Wilson, 739 F. Supp. 257 (1990)

Freeman v. Ferguson, 911 F.2d. 52 (1990)

Raucci v. Rotterdam, 902 F.2d 1050 (1990)

Gilpin v. State, 1991 Tex. App. LEXIS 1396 (1991)

Hurlman v. Rice, 927 F.2d 74 (1991)

Ohio v. Hadinger, 573 N.E.2d 1191 (1991)

People v. Newbern, 579 N.E.2d 583 (1991)

Siddle v. City of Cambridge, 761 F.Supp. 503 (1991)

Duong v. County of Arapahoe, 837 P.2d. 226 (1992)

Lutheran Day Care v. Snohomish County, 829 P.2d 746 (1992)

Roy v. City of Everett, 738 P.2d 1090 (1992)

Bailey v. Texas, 1993 Tex. App. LEXIS 1253 (1993)

Bryant v. Burnett, 624 A.2d 584 (1993)

Rotondo v. State, 860 S.W.2d 575 (1993)

Sinthasomphone v. Milwaukee, 838 F.Supp. 1320 (1993)

Allen v. State, 871 P.2d 79 (1994)

Cusseaux v. Pickett, 652 A.2d 789 (1994)

Ricketts v. City of Columbia, 36 F.3d. 775 (1994)

Defense of Marriage Act, 104 P.L. 199 (1996)

People v. Humphrey, 921 P.2d 1 (Cal. 1996)

State v. Linner, 665 N.E.2d 1180 (1996)

Ward v. Ward, 742 So.2d 250 (1996)

Ireland v. Davis, 957 S.W.2d 310 (1997)

Rucks v. Florida, 692 So.2d 976 (1997)

Baehr v. Miike, 994 P.2d 566 (1999)

Cosco v. Uphoff, 195 F. 3d. 1221 (1999)

Weigand v. Houghton, 730 So.2d 581 (1999)

Ex parte H.H.; (In re: D.H. v. H.H.), 2002 Ala. LEXIS 44 (2002)

In re: J.M., Supreme Court of Georgia, 2003 Ga. LEXIS 2, January 13 (2003)

Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003)

Lawrence v. Texas, 41 S.W.3d 349 (2001)

Peterman v. Meeker, 855 So. 2d 690 (2003)

Annette F. v. Sharon S., 119 Cal. App. 4th 1146 (2004)

Castle Rock v. Gonzales, 125 S. Ct 2796 (2005)

Jessica Gonzales v. City of Castle Rock, Civil Action No. 00-D-1285 (2001)

Jessica Gonzales v. City of Castle Rock, 307 F.3d 1258 (2002)

Jessica Gonzales v. City of Castle Rock, 366 F.3d 1093 (2004)

In re Lowe, 130 Cal. App. 4th 1405 (2005)

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Primary Sources

Cobbe, Frances Power. "Legal Relief for Assaulted Wives." The Woman's Journal (July 6, 1878a): 212.

———. "Wife-Torture in England." Woman's Journal (June 1, 1878b): 174–77.

———. "Declaration of Rights and Sentiments." Seneca Falls, 1848.

Goodell, Lavinia. "Ownership of Wives." Woman's Journal (October 28, 1876): 348–49.

Leslie, Cora. "A Chapter on Young Men." The Lily. April 1, 1849: n. pg.

Munger, Rhoda. "A Woman's Wrongs in Arkansas." Woman's Journal (August 31, 1878): 280.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. "Governor Geary and Hester Vaughan." Revolution (December 10, 1868a): 353–55.

———. "The Solitude of Self." Woman's Journal (January 23, 1892): n. pg.

———. "St. Paul on Duties of Wives." Revolution (August 6, 1868b): 73.

Swisshelm, "Mrs." "Plain Talk." The Lily (June 1, 1849): n. pg.

Unknown author. "The Case of Hester Vaughan." Revolution (December 10, 1868): 357–58.

———. "Centennial Crimes Against Women." Woman's Journal (June 17, 1876): 199.

———. "Christian England Gives Two Pounds for Whipping Your Wife." Revolution (August 6, 1868): 71.

———. "Crimes Against Women." Woman's Journal (January 15, 1876): n.pg.

———. "Crimes Against Women." Woman's Journal (August 31, 1878): 280.

———. "Crimes of a Single Day." Woman's Journal (January 29, 1876): 34.

———. "Feminine Suffrage." The Lily (December 1, 1851): 90–91.

———. "Infanticide." Revolution (August 6, 1868): 74.

———. "Married Women and Law." Woman's Journal (July 13, 1878): 222.

———. "The Monster Intemperance." The Lily (May 1, 1849): 39.

———. "The Rathbun Tragedy." The Lily (September 1, 1849): n. pg.

———. "The Subjection of Wives." Woman's Journal (September 2, 1876): 288.

———. Untitled article. The Lily (April 1, 1849): n. pg.

———. "Wife-Killing From Affection." Woman's Journal (April 20, 1878): 126.

———. "A Wife-Whipper Whipped by Women." Revolution (August 6, 1868): 74.

———. "Woman's Rights." The Lily (October 1, 1849): n. pg.

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Books, Articles, and Films

Ahrens, Lois. "Battered Women's Refuges: Feminist Cooperatives vs. Social Service Institutions." Radical America 14, no. 3 (1980): 41–47.

Aliaskari, Mahsa. "U.S. Asylum Law Applied to Battered Women Fleeing Islamic Countries." American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law 8 (2000): 231.

Allen, Charlene and Beth Leventhal. "History, Culture, and Identity: What Makes GLBT Battering Different." In Same-Sex Domestic Violence: Strategies for Change, ed. Leventhal, Beth and Sandra E. Lundy, 73–82. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999.

Amar, Akhil Reed and Daniel Widawsky. "Child Abuse as Slavery: A Thirteenth Amendment Response to DeShaney." Harvard Law Review 105 (1992): 1359.

Ames, Lynda J. "The Dilemmas of Policy Success: Evaluating Domestic Violence Programs." American Sociological Association Paper, 2000.

Ammons, Linda L. "Discretionary Justice: A Legal and Policy Analysis of a Governor's Use of the Clemency Power in the Cases of Incarcerated Battered Women." Journal of Law and Policy 3 (1994): 2.

Anderson, Greg. "Sorichetti v. City of New York Tells the Police that Liability Looms for Failure to Respond to Domestic Violence Situations." University of Miami Law Review 40 (1985): 333.

Baker, Carrie N. "Sex, Power, and Politics: The Origins of Sexual Harassment Policy in the United States." Ph.D. diss., Emory University, 2001.

Barden, J.C. "Wife Beaters: Few of them Even Appear Before a Court of Law." New York Times. October 21, 1974. n. pg.

Basch, Norma. In the Eyes of the Law: Women, Marriage, and Property in Nineteenth-Century New York. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982.

Becker, Christine Noelle. "Clemency for Killers? Pardoning Battered Women Who Strike Back." Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 29 (1995): 297.

Bevacqua, Maria. Rape on the Public Agenda: Feminism and the Politics of Sexual Assault. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2000.

Bishop, Gary M. "Section 1983 and Domestic Violence: A Solution to the Problem of Police Officers' Inaction." Boston College Law Review 30 (1989): 1357–90.

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