| English | Gogo | Vidunda | Sagala | Kagulu | Lugulu | Kami | Kutu | Zalamo | Kwere | Doe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | all | -ose | -ose | -ose | -ose | -ose | -ose | -ose | -ose | -ose | -ose |
| 2 | arm/hand | muoko/miwoko | moko | iwoko/maoko | mkono/mikono | moko/mioko | mkono | mkono/mikono | mkono/mikono | mkono/mikono | mkono/mikono |
| ioko/maoko | |||||||||||
| 3 | ashes | ivu/mavu | livu | mashipfu | difu | dipfu | dipfu | tozi/mitozi | tozi/matozi | maivu | tozi/matozi |
| 4 | bark | ibada | ibadu | ibahu/mabahu | igome/magome | digome/magome | gome | gome | gome | gome | gome/magome |
| waha | gome | banzi | |||||||||
| 5 | belly | nda | lida | inda/munda | inda | inda/munda | dida | dida/munda | inda | inda | inda/dida/munda |
| 6 | big | -waha | -kulu | -waha | -kulu | -kulu | -kulu | -kulu | -kulu | -kulu | -kulu |
| 7 | bird | ndeje | chidege | shidege/videge | chidege/fidege | chidege/fidege | ndege | ndege | ndege | chidege/videge | ndege |
| shidege/fidege | ichidege/ipfidege | ||||||||||
| 8 | black | n(h)itu | -titu | nitu | n(h)itu | nitu | n(h)itu | nitu | n(h)itu | n(h)itu | titu |
| 9 | blood | sakami | sakame | damu | sakame | mlopa | damu | damu | mulopa | damu | damu |
| damu | damu | ||||||||||
| 10 | bone | ifupa/mafupa | lifupa | shifupa/vifupa | iguha/maguha | tsege/mitsege | mfupa/mifupa | zege/mizege | zege/mizege | vuha/mavuha | vuha/mavuha |
| mfuha/mifuha | |||||||||||
| 11 | breast | itombo/matombo | itombo | itombo/matombo | itombo/matombo | tombo/matombo | tombo/matombo | tombo/matombo | tombo/matombo | tombo/matombo | tombo/matombo |
| 12 | cloud | ivunde/mavunde | liwingu | iwingu/mawingu | ifunde/mafunde | bingu | wingu/mawingu | wingu/mawingu | wingu/mawingu | wingu/mawingu | wingu/mawingu |
| 13 | cold | beho | mbeho | beho | m(h)eho/meho | beho | beho | beho | beho | beho | mpeho |
| 14 | dog | mbwa | libwa | ibwa/mayambwa | dibwa/mabwa | mbwa/wabwa | mbwa/wabwa | mbwa | dibwa/mibwa | dibwa/mabwa | mbwa/madibwa |
| 15 | ear | ikutu/makutu | likutuyi | iguti/maguti | hutwi/sinhutwi | digutwi/magutwi | gutwi/magutwi | gwiti/magwiti | gutwi/magutwi | gutwi/magutwi | gutwi/magutwi |
| 16 | earth | muhan(g)a | ilongo | msanga | sanga | dongo | dongo | isi | isi | isi | isi |
| ilongo | |||||||||||
| isi | |||||||||||
| 17 | egg | igan(g)ha/magan(g)ha | iganga | iganga/maganga | itagi/matagi | gan(g)a/magan(g)a | tagi/matagi | finga/mafinga | finga/mafinga | finga/mafinga | yai/mayai |
| fwinga/mafwinga | finga/mafinga | ||||||||||
| 18 | eye | liso/meso | litzino | iziso/meso | digiso/meso | inenge/tsinenge | siso/meso | siso/meso | siso/meso | ziso/meso | diso/meso |
| itsitso/matsutso | nenge | nenge | |||||||||
| 19 | fat [n.] | mafuta | mafuta | mafuta | mafuta | mafuta | mafuta | mafuta | mafuta | mafuta | mafuta |
| 20 | feather | idzoiya/madzoiya | udzoya | iweha/maweha | ibahila/mabahila | lugala/migala | lugala/migala | tipilo | nyusi/miyusi | chipiro/machipiro | luzoiya/mazoiya |
| izoya/mazoya | |||||||||||
| 21 | fire | moto | moto | moto | moto | moto | moto | moto | moto | moto | moto |
| 22 | fish | somba | somba | somba | somba | somba | somba | somba | somba | somba | somba |
| 23 | five | -hano | -- | -hano | -tano | -tano | -tano | -tano | -tano | -tano | -tano |
| shano | -tanu | -tanu | -sano | ||||||||
| 24 | foot/leg | mugulu/magulu | mgulu | igulu/magulu | mugulu/migulu | mgulu/migulu | mugulu/migulu | mgulu/migulu | mgulu/migulu | mgulu/migulu | mgulu/migulu |
| 25 | four | -ne | -- | -ne | -ne | -nne | -ne | -nne | -nne | -nne | -nne |
| 26 | good | -swanu | -noga | -no(b)vu | -swano | -noga | -noga | -noga | -noga | -noga | -damana/zuri/joma |
| -zuri | |||||||||||
| -joma | |||||||||||
| 27 | hair | mvwili | nvili | mvili | ndwili | nvili | mvili | mvili | mvili | nyele/nyere | nyele |
| 28 | head | mutwe | litwi | itwi/matwi | ditwi/matwi | ditwi/matwi | ditwi | ditwi/matwi | ditwi/mitwi | ditwi/matwi | mutwi/mitwi |
| 29 | heart | n(h)umbula | nhumbula | n(h)umbula | chidoga/madoga | mtima | moyo | moyo | moyo | moyo | moyo |
| moyo | |||||||||||
| 30 | horn | ihembe/mahembe | lipembe | ihembe/mahembe | ihembe/mahembe | hembe/mahembe | hembe/mahembe | hembe/mihembe | hembe/mahembe | hembe/mahembe | hembe/mahembe |
| 31 | I | nene | neni | heni/nene | aniye | nene | niye | niye | niye | niye | niye |
| 32 | knee | ifugamilo/mafugamilo | ifundo | ifundo/mafundo | ifindi/mafindi | fundo/mafundo | pfindi/mapfindi | gondi/magondi | vindi/mavindi | vindi/mavindi | vindi/mavindi |
| goti/magoti | futi/mafuti | vindi/mivindi | |||||||||
| 33 | leaf | ham(h)a | luhamba | inyasi/manyasi | inyagala/manyagala | jani | jani/yani | jani | zani/mazani | yani/mayani | -zani |
| pfulu | |||||||||||
| 34 | liver | itoga/matoga | chini | itoga | itoga/matoga | -ini | ini/maini | -ini | ini/maini | ini/maini | -ini |
| mtima | |||||||||||
| 35 | long | -tali | -tali | -tali | -tali | lutsabi | -tali | luzabi | -tali | -tali | -tali |
| -tali | defu | ||||||||||
| 36 | louse | man(h)i | ipani | mani | man(h)i | mani | mani | mani | m(h)ani | ngina | (n)gina |
| 37 | man | -lume | mlume | mulume/walume | mugosi/wagosi | -lume | -lume | -lume | mbigalo/wambigalo | mulume/walume | mwana mulume/wanalume |
| mbigalo | |||||||||||
| 38 | many | -inji | -inji | -inji | -ingi | -ingi | -ingi | -ingi | -ingi | -ingi | -ingi |
| 39 | meat | nyama | nyama | nyama | nyama | nyama | nyama | nyama | nyama | nyama | nyama |
| 40 | milk | mele | -- | tombo | mele | matombo | tombo | matombo | matombo | matombo | maziwa |
| mele | tombo | ||||||||||
| 41 | moon | mwedzi | mwezi | mwezi | mwesi | mwetsi | mwetsi | imbala mwezi | mbala mwezi | mwezi | mbala mwezi |
| mlenge | mlenge wa kwaka | mulenge | |||||||||
| 42 | mountain | itunda/matunda | chidunda | shitunda/vitunda | itunda/matunda | chidando/fidando | mlima/milima | mlima/milima | mlima/milima | mulima/milima | mulima/milima |
| lugongo/migongo | lugongo | gigongo/vigongo | gamba/magamba | ||||||||
| 43 | mouth | mulomo/milomo | mlomo | mlomo/milomo | mlomo/milomo | mlomo/milomo | mlomo | mlomo/milomo | mulomo | mulomo/milomo | mulomo/milomo |
| lidomo | |||||||||||
| 44 | nail/claw | gombazala/kombazla | ludole | lukombe sala | -kombe | kombe/ngombe | lukombe/n(h)ombe | ngombe | lukombe/n(g)hombe | lukombe/n(g)ombe | -kombe |
| tumba/numba | |||||||||||
| 45 | name | itagwa/matagwa | litagwa | itagwa/matagwa | isina/masina | -twaga/-tagwa | -twaga | -twaga | tagwa/matagwa | zina/mazina | zina/mazina |
| 46 | neck | singo | singo | singo | singo | singo | singo | singo | singo | singo | singo |
| tsingo | ukosi | lugosi | |||||||||
| 47 | new | -pia/-pya | -pya | -ipwa | -sha | -sambi | -sambi | -sambi | -sambi | -sambi | -piya |
| -geli | |||||||||||
| 48 | night | chilo | chilo | shiro | chilo | chilo | chilo | chilo | ikilo | chiro/ichilo | chilo/chiro |
| 49 | nose | m(h)ula | pula | m(h)ula/mula | m(h)ula | mula | m(h)ula | mula | m(h)ula | m(h)ula | pula |
| 50 | old [thing] | -tali | -gogolo | sha katali | -tali | cha mwande | cha mwaka | cha mwaka | chau mwaka | cha mwaka | cha mwaka |
| 51 | one | monga | -mwe | -imwe | mwedu | -imwe | -imwe | -imwe | -imwe | -imwe | -imwe |
| 52 | other | -inji | -- | -nji/-nshi | -ingi | -ingi | -ingine | -yagwe | -ingine | -ingi | -ingine |
| 53 | person | munhu | munhu | mun(h)u/munu/wanu | mun(h)u/wan(h)u | munu/wanu | munu/mun(h)u/wan(h)u | munu/wanu | mun(h)u/wan(h)u | mun(h)u/wan(h)u | muntu/wantu |
| 54 | rain | mvula | nhonya/mvula | mvula | mvula | mvula | mvula | mvula | mvula | mvula | mvula |
| mpfula | fula | ||||||||||
| 55 | red | -dunhu/-dun(g)hu | -- | ndunhu/dunhu | ndun(h)u | ndungu | ndunhu | ndun(gh)u/ndunhu | ndunhu | ndunhu | ndun(g)ku |
| 56 | ripe | -pya | -- | gapwa | -fa | gefa/gepfa | -pfa | -pa | -pa | -va | -piya |
| njeru | |||||||||||
| 57 | road/path | nzila | nzila | nzira/ntsira | njila | nzila/nzira | nzila/nzira | nzila | nzila/nzira | nzira/nzila | nzila/nzira |
| 58 | root | mbeho | mizizi | izizi/mazizi | msisi/misisi | lutsitsi/mitsitsi | mtsitsi/mitsitsi | mzizi/mizizi | mzizi/mizizi | mzizi/mizizi | izi/maizi |
| mdela | itsitsi/matsitsi | ||||||||||
| 59 | sand | muhanga | isanga | msanga | sanga | msanga | msanga/misanga | msanga/misanga | misenga | msanga/misanga | masenga |
| 60 | seed | mbeyu | mbeyu | mbeyu | mbeyu | mbegu | mbegu/mbeyu | mbegu | mbegu/mbeyu | mbeyu | mbeyu |
| 61 | short | -fupi | -fupi | -fupi | -guhi | -fupi | -guhi | -gihu | -guhi | -guhi | -guhi |
| -fupi | |||||||||||
| 62 | skin | n(h)yingo | nyingo | hingo/nyingo | n(h)ingo | mole | ngozi | ngozi | ngozi | (m)bende | ngozi |
| ngotsi | nhwembe | baha | |||||||||
| kwembe | |||||||||||
| 63 | small | -dodo | -dodo | -dodo | -dodogi | -dodo | -dodo | -dodo | -dodo | -dodo | -dodo |
| 64 | smoke | dyosi | iyosi | iyosi | mosi | yosi/osi | yosi | yosi | mosi/yosi | mosi | mosi |
| 65 | star | nyelezi | bala mwezi | nyerezi/nyeretsi | nyelesi | nondo | n(h)ondo | nondo/tondo | n(h)ondo | n(h)ondo | tondo |
| 66 | stone | ibwe/mabwe | libwe | iganga/maganga | diwe/mawe | dibwe/mabwe | dibwe/mabwe | dibwe/mabwe | ibwe/mabwe | dibwe/mabwe | ibwe/maibwe |
| iwe/mawe | |||||||||||
| 67 | sun | idzua | itzua | izua | dijua | tsua | tsua | zua | zua | zua | zua |
| 68 | tail | mchila/michila | mchila | mshira/mishira | mkila/mikila | mkila/mikila | mkila/mikila | mkila/mikila | mkila/mikila | mkira/mikira | -kila |
| mkira/mikira | |||||||||||
| 69 | that [dem.] | -ria | -- | -ra | -ya | -la/-ra | -ja | -dya | -ja | -ya | -la/-ra |
| 70 | three | datu | -- | datu | datu | ndatu | datu | datu | datu | tatu | tatu |
| 71 | tongue | lulimi/milimi | lulinyi | lulimi/malimi | dilimi/malimi | lulimi/milimi | lulimi/milimi | lulimi/milimi | lulimi/milimi | lulimi/malimi | lulimi/malimi |
| 72 | tooth | lino/meno | idzino | zino/mazino | igego/meno | tsino/gameno | tsino/matsino | zino/mizino | zino/meno | zino/meno | zino/meno |
| itsino/matsino | |||||||||||
| 73 | tree | mbichi/mibichi | igodi | ibishi/mabishi | ibiki/mabiki | mbiki | biki/mibiki | mbiki/mibiki | mbiki/mibiki | biki/mibiki | kuni/makuni |
| ibichi/mabichi | |||||||||||
| 74 | two | nyejete | -vili | nyeri/nyeli | mbili | mbili | bili/biri | mbili | mbili | mbili/mbidi | mbili/mbidi |
| 75 | unripe | nduma | -- | -bisi | -bisi | -bisi | -bisi | -bisi | -bisi | -bisi | -bisi |
| idodi/madodi | |||||||||||
| 76 | water | malenga | madzi | marenga | meji | matsi | matsi | mazi | mazi | mazi | mazi |
| malenga | malenga | ||||||||||
| 77 | we | sese | hetwe | hese/sese | aseye | tete/tuye | tiye | sie | tweye/cheye | cheye | cheye |
| 78 | white | nzelu | nzelu | nzeru/ntselu | njelu | nzelu | nzeru | nzelu | nzelu/nzeru | nzelu/nzeru | nzelu |
| 79 | who? | nani | nani | nani | nani | nani | nani | nani | nani | nani | yani |
| 80 | woman | mchekulu/wachekulu | mdala | mushe/washe | mfele/wafele | pinga/wapinga | mke/wake | mtwanzi/watwanzi | mtwanzi/watwanzi | mke/wanawake | mwanamke/wanaake |
| mdere/wadere | ndele/wandele | ||||||||||
| 81 | you [sing.] | gwegwe | hegwe | hegwe | agweye | gwegwe | gweye | gweye | gweye | weye | gweye |
| 82 | to bite | -luma | -luma | -luma | -luma | -luma | -luma | -luma | -luma | -luma | -luma |
| -duma | |||||||||||
| -gagadula | -duma | ||||||||||
| 83 | to burn [intr.] | kuwaka | -- | -kolela | ukwaka | okwaka | -lukuz(h)a | okwaka | owaka | -lungula | uwaka |
| 84 | to burn [tr.] | -hovuga | -- | -soma | -soma | -soma | -koka | -koka | -koka | -koka | -koka |
| -nyanya | |||||||||||
| 85 | to come | kudza | -dza | kwiza | kwidja | kutsa | kutsa | kwiza | kwiza | kwiza | kwiza |
| kwidza | |||||||||||
| 86 | to die | -fwa | -fa/-hoa | -fa | -fa | -fa | -danganika | -danganika | -fa | -fa | -fa |
| -tajika | -tajika | -tsiga | -danganyika | -danganika | |||||||
| 87 | to drink | -nwa/-nuwa | -nwa | -nyuwa | -nywa/-nyuwa | -nwa | -nuwa | -n(g)wa | -n(g)wa | -ngwa | -n(g)wa |
| 88 | to eat | -lia | -lya | -dia | -dia | -dya | -dya | -dya | -dya | -dya | -dya |
| -dya | -dja | -diya | |||||||||
| 89 | to fly | -guluka | -dzuma | -guluka | -pululuka | -guluka | -guluka | -guluka | -guluka | -guluka | -pululuka |
| 90 | to give | -hela | -pela/-pa | -hela/-pela | kanin(g)ha | kwinga | kwinha | kugwa | kwin(g)ha | -kwin(gh)a | kwin(g)ha |
| 91 | to go | -bita | -luta | -jenda | -luta | -genda | -genda | -chola | -chola | -genda | -genda |
| 92 | to hear | -hulika | -lulika | -hulika | -hulika | -hulika | -hulika | -hilika | -hulika | -hulika | -hulika |
| -nyulika | |||||||||||
| 93 | to kill | -laga | -kopola | -koma | -koma | -koma | -koma | -koma | -koma | -koma | -koma |
| -laga | |||||||||||
| 94 | to know | -manya | -dzela | -manya | -manya | -manya | -manya | -manya/-daha | -manya/-tanga | -manya | -manya |
| 95 | to say | -longa | -longa | -longa | -longa | -longa | -longa | -longa | -longa | -longa | -longa |
| 96 | to see | -ona | -lola | -langa | -langa | -lola | -lola | -lola | -lola | -lola | -lola |
| 97 | to sit | -kala | -kala | -kala | -kala | -kala | -kala | -kala | -kala | -kala | -kala/-dundumala |
| -tama | |||||||||||
| 98 | to sleep | -gona | -asa | -wasa | -gona | -wasa | -wasa | -wasa | -wasa | -gona | -gona |
| 99 | to stand | kwima | -ima | kwima | kwima | kwima | kwima | kwima | kwima | kwima | -timalala |
| 100 | to swim | -tiba | -- | -gelela | -gela | -gelela | -gelela | -gelela | -gelela | -gelela | -gelela |
| -zambia | -ibira |
Source: © 2008 Rhonda M. Gonzales